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This is a blog for a community of students in Mike Levien's sections of Sociology 101B: "Sociological Theory," in the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, Spring 2009.
Theory Rocks!
This is the informal blog spot for Mike Levien's section of Sociology 101B. For the rest of the semester, we'll use this blog to clarify the work(s) of Durkheim, Weber, Foucault, de Beauvoir, MacKinnon, and Collins. Feel free to endlessly post, and don't forget: Theory Rocks!
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- Monty Python's understanding of sovereign power an...
- Durkheim and the prison system
- Memo #1
- Memo #1- Durkheim
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- Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
- Durkheim's Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
- MS and OS in education
- This essay discusses the difference between Mechan...
- The following discusses the difference in mechanic...
- Durkheim and illegal detention centers
- M and O Solidarity
- MS vs OS
- Mechanical Vs. Organic Solidarity
- Durkheim in the US education system
- Mechanical versus Organic Solidarity and their App...
- Durkheim, Solidarity and Teams
- Organic and Mechanical Solidarity in Maganda Magazine
- Organic Solidarity in Little House on the Prairie
- Mechanical Solidarity and Little House on the Prairie
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- Durkheim, Solidarity, and the Men’s Story Project
- Daschle, Obama, and the thousand threads?
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In his theory, Durkheim questions how the division of labor corresponds with solidarity, known as the feeling of unity within others (22). He specifics two differing types of solidarities: mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is based on the similarities in a society where people behave the same way. Mechanical solidarity lacks individuality and therefore does not correspond with the division of labor. In contrast, organic solidarity is based on the complementary differences that people have (85). Organic solidarity corresponds with the division of labor due the existence of specializations.
ReplyDeleteDurkheim indicates that both solidarities are measured through laws. Mechanical solidarity is measured through the repressive law. The repressive law is presented through punishments. Through committing crimes, which are violations of a collective consciousness, one is punished (38-39). These crimes change overtime and are varied depending on the society. Punishment reaffirms the collective consciousness. It is a passionate, emotional, and public response (63,57,52). Therefore, punishments are collective through organized bodies defending the society of people against threats (52). In mechanical solidarity, the state functions through defending and symbolizing consciousness (42). In addition, the state creates crimes to be punished as a reminder to the understanding of a society (43). In contrast to mechanical solidarity, organic solidarity is measured through the restitutive law, which functions through restoring the previous relationship/situation to “its normal state” (68). Therefore, in contrast to mechanical solidarity, individual consciousness is superior to the collective consciousness in organic solidarity. In organic solidarity, as more complexities develop within the division of labor, the state plays a role through maintaining and organizing relationships (171). These relationships are the epitome of society, therefore as the division of labor increases, individual interdependence is increased as well and a greater unity is established.
2) The institution of theater encompasses similar passions established through movements and expressive feelings that performers share. Actors and dancers are expected to follow similar regulations during theater productions, which influence the group collectively. However, even though performers work as a group on stage, they are casted differently, depending on the specific and personal talents they specialize in. Thus, theater can operate in mechanical solidarity, due to the repressive law, and in organic solidarity due to the different types of personal talents that performers specialize in.
Productions hold responsibilities on all cast members. If law violations occur, all performers struggle during rehearsals or final performances. When a group of performers are casted, each member must sign a contract, which indicates a set of regulations that must be followed. These regulations include, commitments to specific rehearsal times, outside research responsibilities, character commitments, excessive line memorization etc. These regulations are shaped through the common values, which are shared by the theater business as a whole. However, if any member breaks a rule, the collective consciousness is violated. Therefore, punishments are directed to all cast members. These punishments are organized and passionately presented by the director, in which a high degree of conformity is established.
Relative to organic solidarity, all performers are judged and casted differently in a theater production because they specialize in different personal talents. Although performers share the same passion, they are very distinctive. Performers are assigned different characters, depending on their look, gender, or physical movements. Depending on their auditions and previous experiences and/or developments, some performers are given much more demanding roles than others. In relation to organic solidarity, cast members develop closely tied relationships due to their differences. This increases individual interdependence, resulting in a greater unity during a stage performance.